New semester

2) What factors contributed to economic globalization in the second half of the twentieth century? 1: The world bank and international Monetary fund laid the foundation for postwar globalization, 2: "Bretton Woods System" negotiated the rules for commercial and financial dealings among the major capitalist countries, while promoting relatively free trade, stable currency values linked to the U.S. dollar, and high levels of capital investments. 3: World Bank and IMF imposed free market and pro-business conditions on many poor countries if they were to qualify for much needed loans. 4: The aftermath of WWII led capitalist countries to avoid any return to the depression era conditions. 5: Technological contributions led to acceleration of the world economy. 6: The collapse of communism promoted unrestricted global capitalism. 3) In what ways has economic globalization more closely linked the world’s peoples? - Reglobalization of world economy following the contractio...

Aya Moussa World History II, Andrews Research Paper 15 April 2020 A Historical Context and My Reflections on the Current COVID-19 Situation We are certainly living in unprecedented times for our generation. The Covid-19 pandemic is affecting almost every aspect of life all over the world. I am personally doing well and thanking God for being healthy and fine. However, it is a very hard time. I feel pretty worried about my family who all live thousands of miles away in Egypt, where I am originally from. The situation there so far is better than our situation here in the United States, but I know it might get worse than now; that's why I'm afraid of it. I feel the world has changed. I know this is temporary or at least I really hope and pray for so. No one really knows what the future holds, but I still have a big hope it will get better. Meanwhile, I am doing my best to think positively and feel the blessings around me. For example, I really enjoy and am grateful fo...

2) What was distinctive about the end of Europe’s African and Asian empires compared to other cases of imperial disintegration? -The end of Europe's African and Asian empires was associated with the mobilization of the masses around Nationalism, and they generated a plethora of nation-states. Never before had the end of empire been so closely associated with the mobilization of entire societies around a nationalist ideology. Nor had earlier cases of imperial decline generated so many new nation-states, each claiming an equal place in a world of nation-states. All new nation states claimed an equal place in a world of nation states. Distinctive things that brought African and Asian empires to and end was the rise of other states and World War I and II. 5) How did India’s nationalist movement change over time? 1) 1885: India's modern nationalist movement began with the establishment of the Indian National Congress. -The INC was made up of primarily of English-educated Ind...

The coronavirus pandemic is not the only one humanity has suffered. Spend some time for this class session learning about any other historical pandemic by doing self-guided research. What other pandemic can you find that has plagued humanity? Where did it strike? Why were people vulnerable to it? How long did it last? Did the people who experienced it learn anything from the experience / do anything differently afterwards? What were the long-term effects of it on human populations or on the planet? These questions are just to get you started I will talk about Spanish flu, the 1918 influenza pandemic. Lasting from Jan 1918 to Dec 1920. It infected 500 million people. The death toll is estimated to have been anywhere from 17  million to 50 million, and possibly as high as 100 million, making it one of the deadliest pandemics in human history, behind the Black Death. It was caused by H1N1 virus with genes of avian origin. It was first observed in Europe, the...

1: Fascism appeared between 1919 and 1945. It was anew political ideology, found expression across much of Europe. That was the super task for Germany in their system of fascism. Democracy was better for people and fascism was a dictatorship. Liberalism is derived from the 18th century Enlightenment. It is found on the perfectibility of humans.  Liberalism preaches peace, freedom and tolerance. Small fascist movement arose in many Western European countries including France, Great Britain, and the Netherlands. It took first shape in Italy in 1870. In the early 20th century conservative landlords still dominated much of the countryside. The distinctive aspect about German fascism was that Hitler and the nazis wanted to rule the world and eliminate every single jew on earth. Fascism could have been used it for pure evil. The basis of the popular support for the nazis was Germany. 2: Fascism is a form of government that is a type of one party dictatorship. They work for totalitari...

1. What accounts for the massive peasant rebellions of 19th century China? In many ways China was the victim of its own earlier success. Having a huge population boom with agriculture unable to keep up. Unemployment, misery, and starvation also. China's famed centralized and bureaucracy did not grow to keep pace with the growing population, so it could not handle important problems in a good way such as tax collection, flood control, social welfare, and public security. The Taiping Uprising, which set much of the country aflame between  1850 and 1864 found an inspiration in a unique form of Christianity. 2. How did Western pressures stimulate change in China during the 19th century? China was forced to continue to import opium. 2. China had to cede Hong Kong to Britain and open a number of other ports to European merchants.3. It had to set tariffs into China at the low rate of 5 percent. British, Americans, and other western merchants had found an enormous, gro...

Hello everyone: I chose 3 questions to answer.... kindly check my answers and I will appreciate your comments. Chapter 18 talks about Colonial Encounters in Asia,Africa, and Oceania 1750-1950. 1. In what ways did the Industrial Revolution shape the character of 19th century European imperialism? 1: "The enormous productivity of industrial technology and Europe's growing affluence created the need for extensive raw materials and agricultural products found in other parts of the world", which means that the Europeans's success and productivity lead to the need of a lot of things such as raw materials, markets, and generated great wealth. 2: The industrial revolution made expansion overseas. 3: It changed also their life style and economy. 4: Nationalism was the single greatest factor that lead to imperialism. 5: Europe was in need to sell its own products, and foreign regions proved to be important markets. 6: Europeans investors found that it is ...

The industrial revolution was a very significant event or rather series of events in history. A lot of changes happened ever-since. I discuss some of these in light of answering the below three questions: 4) How did the Industrial Revolution transform British society? It was an economic miracle when you compare humanity during and post the Industrial Revolution with earlier eras. I will try to highlight some of these transformations as follows: The British textile industry was 52 million pounds of cotton in 1800, in 1850 it was 588 million pounds. The textile industry increased a lot. There was a big transition and transformation from agriculture to manufacturing. Scientific innovations and technologies improvements contributed to the advancement of agriculture. Large amount of people moved from rural villages to the new factories searching for opportunities. Roads improved significantly. Before the revolution, roads were poorly maintained. After that, not only did roads bec...

- The feminist movement aimed at ending the idea of women being subordinate to men. It started a century after the French Revolution. Then, in the 20th century, it became even stronger focusing on multiple different aspects (the rights of women to dress, work, vote, ..etc). It started with the Enlightenment of European thinkers. Women participated in the French Revolution that paved the way to a new society. Women later started having some freedom in work and education in industralized societies. The first organized form of the movement happened in mid 1800s in New York, as a women’s right convention (where they edited the Declaration of Independence of the United States to include women). The movement kept getting momentum, until in the 1900s, women got much more rights to education, work, and many more rights. - The abolition movement (1780-1890) aimed at ending slavery. It was inspired by the ideas of liberty and equality held by Enlightenment thinkers in the 18th century Europe, ...

What is the Atlantic Revolution? - The Atlantic revolutions were upheavals that occurred on both sides of the Atlantic in late 1700s and early 1800s. The 4 main revolutions that are considered the Atlantic revolutions are the ones in North America, France, Haiti, and South/Latin America.   The French Revolution: It started when France was in debt and the king called a meeting with representatives of three classes of the society at the time, the first two of which represented only 2% of the population, while the third one (Estate) represented the common people. The king wanted to raise taxes to help with the country’s debt at the time. This was opposed not only by the commons but even by the nobles. The third estate, inspired by Enlightenment ideas and suffering from unemployment and high rise of prices, established what was called the National Assembly, which came up with the Declaration of Right of Man and Citizen, in which they asked for equality and freedom, declared thems...

I am an Egyptian, born and raised in Egypt. I have always been fascinated by how we discovered the amazing mysteries of the ancient Egyptian civilization. One of the most important discoveries that led to this was the decipherment of the ancient Egyptian script through the Rosetta stone. Speaking with my mom, who is also a big fan of this, and researching the topic, I found that the discovery of the Rosetta stone happened during the French campaign in Egypt and Syria (1798–1801). It turned out that this campaign had multiple other interesting stories and events besides the already-very-interesting Rosetta stone one. I would love to research and learn more about this campaign, especially that it fits perfectly within the period of history we study in this class and is related to an important historical figure in this period, Napoleon Bonaparte.

I will talk about scientific revolution: The scientific Revolution was very significant. It changed the way of thinking of the universe. Those scientists, like Copernicus, Galilio, and Newton, freed themselves from relying on the authority of the Bible alone and used rational inquiry and evidence. They discovered and invented things that were not thought of before their time, challenged the Church, and resulted in new ideas and ways of thinking. It was considered a cultural revolution. They discovered a lot of things: 1: The Heliocentric model the sun was the center of the universe by Nicolaus Copernicus. 2: Telescope played a important role in the Scientific Revolution. it was tools like the telescope that allowed the world at the time to see deeper into the unknown. As today we are still exploring space and more. 3:Galileo- proclaimed the compatibility between Science and Faith The impact: 1. Knowing the reality of physical universe. 2. Scientific methods led to Enlightenme...

Last Tuesday, I joined my  classmates in Theology of Liberation course. We went to the dinning hall and we did multiple things: First we wrote cheerful lovely quotes to put it inside every single bag second we helped each other to prepare meals for other people Third we put everything inside bags to help others it was a very good experience to share with my friends these moments

It's foundress week, With the spirit of sisters of Notre Dame, they offered a week full of missions and values. students can do religious things, they learn how to work in groups, how to help others. Stuff also can do the same thing with students. University offers opportunities for all students. As I went today to help my classmates, we prepared meals for poor people and wrote them messages. Julie Billiart and Francoise were the two Foundresses. The article talked about them, and their early life and education. I also like their spirt and friendship. Their friendship was the foundation of Notre Dame Francoise was from the age six, she made her first Holy communion. she attended school and she completed her education with Ursulines Amiens. She was the brilliant society of her time. she became more religiously oriented. Her family was rich, she grew up with her grandmother. She had a deep relationship with God. Françoise, whose family belonged to the French aristocracy or nobili...

1: Slavery became associated race, came from various situation and war prisoners. 2: Unique to the Americans born into the status. 3: African authorities merchants participated. 4: Depopulation in Africa prim men. 5: Middle passage is the middle of the sea journey/ many people died and survived, they had no choice. 6: Role of sugar asa product to use. Sugar: -The rise of the slave trade was due to sugar -People who produce African slaves. - The demand was Europeans, feeding it to their babies, cooking. - As a result of sugar. It causes many problems. - It is an addictive subsense. - The production was led to slave trade. silver: Silver played a major role in trade relationships during the early modern era. It resulted in a global network of exchange. It was mostly found in large quantities in what is now Bolivia in South America, and Japan in Asia. The silver obtained in Bolivia was shipped to Mexico then to Asia (Manila), linking the Americas to Asia. Chinese and others...

In 1400 renaissance, rebirth and Greek humanism: Refocusing on human world experience opposed to spiritual experience. Looking for market especially in the Indian Ocean Found a new world looking for new routes but it was hard to get there because of some religious conflict They need sea route not land routes Indian Ocean Trade: They developed three models, 1: Portugal: Trading post Empire Effectively found merchants that already active offered them protection money 2: Spain and Philipines: because it is close to China and Indian Ocean, it will be easy to participate in trade Their method taking land outright. It was so easy for Spain to take Philippines. There is no central government-islands self governing There is no conflict between those islands- no strong utility attraction They have some products- harvesting spices 3: The Companies Model: Britain the government does not have to take land from people It is valuable model

Europeans Empires in the Americas: In the early sixteenth century Spanish turned to the mainland, with stunning conquests of the powerful but fragile aztec and Inca empires In the seventeenth century, the British, French, and Dutch launched colonial settlements along the eastern coast of North America By the mid eighteenth century, encompass most of the Americas, at least nominally. The European Advantages: 1. Because of the location and climate , they provided a far different maritime environment 2. Europeans penetrate the Atlantic Ocean 3.They can access the world 4. They can cross the Atlantic with growing ease 5. Their ironworking technology 6. Europeans have a lot of disease The Great Dying: It is when the Europeans came to the Americas with their diseases that were foreign to the Native Americans, causing them to die rather rapidly. South America affected most because 95% of them died

The Initial signs or Makers of the Modern World: 1. The beginnings of genuine globalization. 2. Elements of distinctly modern societies. 3. Growing European presence in world affairs. - The Atlantic slave trade linked Africa permanently to the Western Hemisphere, the global silver trade allowed Europeans to use new world precious metals to buy their way into ancient Asian trade routes. - The Columbian exchange is known to historians as the massive transfer of planets, animals, diseases, and people. It created networks of interaction across the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. - The most obviously modern cultural development is in Europe. - Economies centered in large cities . - In the 18th century, Japan was one of the most urbanized societies in the world, Tokyo was the world's largest city. A Late Agrarian Era: - Europeans rules the Americas and controlled the world's sea routes. - 18th century China and Japan controlled the European missionaries and merchants. - ...

“Yay-I’m done”